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Rozprawka za i przeciw po
angielsku
Rozprawka „za i przeciw” po
angielsku jest jednym z typów
rozprawek angielskich. Nazywa
się ona „For and Against” lub
„Pros and Cons”. Zawiera ona dwa
różne spojrzenia, wady i zalety
danego problemu. Pisze się ją
językiem formalnym, a cała treść
związana jest z jednym wybranym
tematem.
Analiza tematu rozprawki
Zanim zabierzemy się do pisania
rozprawki dobrze jest dogłębnie
przeanalizować dany nam temat, i
wypisać sobie na kartce
wszystkie „za” i „przeciw”
danego problemu, wraz z krótkim
uzasadnieniem. Potem możemy
wybrać kilka (lecz nie za dużo,
bo ogranicza nas liczba słów)
najbardziej przekonujących
argumentów z obu punktów
widzenia.
Zasady pisania
Rozprawka powinna składać się z
trzech części, wstępu,
rozwinięcia i zakończenia.
Podczas jej pisania nie używamy
słów typu: I think, I belive, In
my opinion, gdyż w tego typu
rozprawce liczy się przede
wszystkim bezstronność i
obiektywność.
Wstęp
We wstępie określamy temat
rozprawki, przedstawiamy
problem.
Rozwinięcie
W rozwinięciu podajemy argumenty
„za” i „przeciw” dotyczące
danego tematu. Dobrze aby w
jednym akapicie były
przynajmniej 2-3 argumenty za, a
w drugim 2-3 argumenty przeciw.
Zakończenie
W zakończeniu robimy krótkie
podsumowanie i zebranie
argumentów w całość, i dopiero
wtedy możemy dodać własną,
stonowaną opinię na dany temat,
wynikającą z przewagi argumentów
jednego punktu widzenia.
Przydatne
zwroty
Do wprowadzania pierwszego
argumentu:
One major advantage of … – Ważną
zaletą …
In the first place/First of all
– Przede wszystkim
Firstly – Po pierwsze
To start with – Na wstępie
Do wprowadzania następnych
argumentów:
Secondly – Po drugie
Thirdly – Po trzecie
What is
more/Furthermore/Moreover – Co
więcej
Also – Również
In addition to … – Na dodatek …
Apart from … – Oprócz …
Last, but not least – Ostatni
lecz nie mniej ważny
Finally, … – W końcu, …
Do wprowadzania przeciwnego
punktu widzenia:
On the other hand – Z drugiej
strony
In spite of – Wbrew …
Despite – Pomimo
Even though – Chociaż
Although – Mimo to
It can be argued that … – Są
odmienne opinie że …
Do wprowadzania przykładów
popierających tezę:
For example/For instance – Na
przykład
like – jak
Especially – Zwłaszcza
such as – tak/takie jak
In particular – Zwłaszcza
Do podsumowania:
In conclusion/All in all/To sum
up – Podsumowując
Taking everything into
account/Taking everything into
consideration/On the whole –
Biorąc to wszystko pod uwagę
Rozprawka For and Against
przykład 1
Rozprawka
na temat wad i zalet posiadania
telefonu komórkowego
There are few people today who
could exist without their mobile
phones. Nevertheless, the
invention of a mobile phone also
has its drawbacks that people
tend to forget about.
There is no denying that mobile
phones have a number of
advantages. Parents give their
children more freedom if they
take their phones with them when
they go out. On the other hand,
mobile is useful for teenagers
for getting back home as all
they have to do in order to get
there is dial their parents’
number and the family taxi will
arrive at the arranged place
free of charge.
However, not all people know how
to use a mobile phone with
sufficient respect and sleeping
on public transport these days
has become impossible. Family
visits have also lost out as
younger members spend whole
afternoons texting friends or
playing games, while back in the
day, they would be interacting
with the rest of the family.
In balance, it seems that mobile
phones have as many
disadvantages as positive
aspects. However, in some
situations, they are
indispensable. If you have a car
accident on a lonely road in the
middle of the night it’s clear
that the quickest way is to call
for help. In this way I, for
one, am happier with my mobile
phone in my bag, than without it
and I would recommend every
driver to carry a phone with
them at all times.
Rozprawka For and Against
przykład 2
Rozprawka
na temat profesjonalnego
uprawiania sportu przez
nastolatków
More and more teenagers are
taking up sport professionally.
The moot question is whether it
has only positive sides, or if
it is a negative phenomenon.
This is what I am going to
discuss below.
Firstly, proponents of sport and
activity argue that it is
healthy. Young people can keep
shape and fit, they have great
condition, and they are unlikely
to become sick. Secondly, taking
up sport with a trainer can open
the door to any sports
discipline. Big chances are
given to them. They meet
influential people and become
recognizable in the society.
Teenagers are famous and rich.
Sportsmen may do what they
really love.
On the other hand, opponents say
that it is exhausting. Teenagers
are often worn out. They need to
train long hours if they want to
achieve success. What is more,
it destroys their youth and
affects their friendship. They
have no time for themselves.
Sometimes young sportsmen have
no friends due to not having
time for them. They exercise
regularly and it absorbs them
entirely. Moreover, they are in
danger of injury. If anything
goes wrong, they can lose
everything they have achieved
thus far.
To sum up, both proponents and
opponents have a lot of
arguments to prove that they are
right. Taking into consideration
all of the aforementioned
arguments, I tend to agree with
proponents more.
Rozprawka For and Against
przykład 3
Rozprawka
na temat wpływu postępującej
komputeryzacji na relacje
międzyludzkie
Experts claim that common
computerization will destroy
relationships between people.
We live in age of big changes
and watch phenomenons, which are
caused by many discoveries.
Thanks to sociologists
researches we can cast an expert
eye on it.
Some people claim that
computerization puts in jeopardy
our relationships because it
takes much time and quickly
makes us dependent on using the
computer. A number of social
networking websites take our
free time and replace real world
with the virtual one. Parents
say they would rather their
children played with peers and
talked with them more often.
Despite of work simplification,
many activities like production
in factories or harvesting
crops, which in the past were
done together, now have
disappeared entirely. Modernity
is not conducive to build strong
ties. Computers and the Internet
make us used to the thought that
everything should be immediate.
We have lost the habit to wait.
For this reason, we get nervous
with our close friends who are
not like a machine, but only a
human.
On the other hand, we could be
aware of this phenomenon and
take care about our
relationships. There are many
appeals persuading us to pay
attention to our ties. Moreover,
the Internet may make us more
sociable and simplify our
contacts. We can send an e-mail
to almost everyone, keep in
touch and settle scores on
Internet economizing free time.
What is more, many friendships
were struck up on the Intenet
thanks to Facebook or chats.
People do not feel lonely and
see each other thanks to Skype.
To sum up, we should realize
this dangerous phenomenon and
really watch over our
relationships which we still
have.
Rozprawka For and Against
przykład 4
Rozprawka na temat wad i zalet
życia w dużym mieście
Drawbacks and benefits of living
in a big city
One group of people associates
city with noise, while another
with variety and enormous
chances. Though, neither of them
will find out the truth unless
they try to live there for a
while.
It is hard to deny that big
cities are likely to broaden
one’s horizons. They are claimed
to have plenty of facilities
like swimming pools, gyms or
theatres. Thanks to them, one is
not made to boredom.
Undoubtedly, one is able to be
more sophisticated rather than
people from the countryside.
This can help one get attractive
job in diverse corporations,
which are settled down there.
Even if the city is vast, the
communication is so developed
that you will not bother it at
all.
However, big cities are claimed
to be annoying, crowded and as a
result, full off traffic jams.
It can drive one mad, does not
allow for leading peaceful life
and takes time. Thus, enormous
pollution can be a source of
illnesses for children and
senior people who are not immune
enough. Furthermore, living in a
big city involves costs. For
example, children demand far
more than those from the
countryside. Not only do their
whims are expensive, but also
education, extra activities and
costs of living add up.
In person, I prefer living in a
big city in terms of
entertainment, my education and
absorbing job. If I happen to
find a village that is a
suitable place to live, I will
most likely move there.
Rozprawka For and Against
przykład 5
Rozprawka
na temat wad i zalet prac
domowych (takich jak sprzątanie)
Advantages and disadvantages of
working for home
No matter the age and place of
residence, we are in charge of
keeping order. Sometimes it is
thought that cleaning is boring.
However, some people find it
necessary, others relaxing.
Firstly, cleaning can be an
extra reason to start moving and
lose weight. Moreover, physical
work may make us more relaxed
after mental activities. Wiping
dust or washing the dishes can
be breaks between other
activities. During them, we can
collect ours thoughts. In peace
of mind, we have an opportunity
to think through problems.
Besides, our parents and
roommates will be given pleasure
and perhaps they will draw
inspiration from our example and
also get down to cleaning. It
seems clear that only when we
tidy up our room by ourselves,
we know exactly where everything
is. Only in this way are we able
to take care of our room’s décor
and make us feel well there.
However, it is claimed that
cleaning is an uphill job,
especially in case children and
teenagers, who are forced to
tidy up and are not accustomed
to keeping order. It is hard to
deny that working for home is
tiring and after it we can only
relax. It takes much time,
during which we could do other,
more interesting things. For
others, it is unprofitable,
because they are nearly never at
home. They do not attach
importance to the order and they
are likely to never think about
it.
To my mind, working for home is
very important, because when we
have order around us, we also
have order in or minds.
Rozprawka For and Against
przykład 6
Rozprawka
na temat indywidualistów
Undoubtedly, among our
acquaintances there are some
individualists. For sure, they
differ from others. Having an
opportunity to watch them in
various situations we are aware
of many advantages but also some
drawbacks they feature.
First of all, they usually are
said to be original, wise and
creative. These features are
beneficial, because they are
capable of thinking outside of
the box and suggest atypical
solutions to various issues.
Moreover, their work is very
efficient and well done due to
the fact that they exactly know
what they aim at and sacrifice
themselves. Doing their best,
they do not let themselves to
any failure.
Individualists have their own
world, which can be their
shelter. As a result, they are
so persistent and independent
that no one can hurt them.
However, being an individualist
has its drawbacks. In the long
run, people cannot deal with
their originality and oddity, as
they are not on the same
wavelength as others are. Not
only are they solitary, but they
also have difficulties in
applying for a job. Most of
bosses neither tolerate their
personality nor appreciate their
gifts. Furthermore, they often
look down on others,
underestimate some trends and
feel misunderstood by people.
Altogether, individualists are
valuable and interesting people,
but for the price of being liked
by others, they should try to
get along with them. They had
better be themselves while
socializing with others.
Rozprawka For and Against
przykład 7
Rozprawka
na temat gier wideo i komputerów
Should teens play video games or
use a computer?
Teens play video games and use a
computer more and more. Is it
healthy?
Firstly, teens have health
problems. They often have
headaches and problems with
eyes. Video games relieve stress
and anger in teens. They play
for long hours and do not hang
out with friends. In addition,
teens can be violent.
On the other hand, computers let
chat, talk and help doing
homework. Teens have better
computer skills. What is more,
computers and video games give
them fun. Last, but not least,
video games improve logical
thinking.
In balance, it seems that video
games and computers have as many
disadvantages as positive
aspects. However, in some
situations, they are
indispensable.
Rozprawka For and Against
przykład 8
Rozprawka na temat jedzenia
mięsa
Some people believe that humans
should not eat meat. Do you
agree?
Most people think that since
animals eat other animals, it is
natural for humans to eat meat.
However, some religions disagree
with the claim, and a growing
number of people are choosing to
become vegetarians for
non-religious reasons, but just
for themselves or animals.
First of all, I would like to
introduce the arguments in favor
of eating meat. Humans have
always hunted and eaten animals.
We use their fur and skin for
clothes and shoes. Besides, when
people stop eating meat they
avoid the main food that gives
them energy. Meals containing
meat are better balanced, more
differentiated, and much more
tasty than these consisting only
from vegetables.
On the other hand, many
vegetarians believe that eating
meat is not only unnecessary,
but also unhealthy. We can
easily grow plants that give us
all we need in our diet, and
meat can cause serious diseases.
They say our teeth and stomachs
are not used to meat and it’s
unnatural for us. Also, the way
we farm animals is cruel and we
destroy rainforests that stand
for the natural habitat for many
animals.
In my view, there are strong
health reasons for not eating
meat. However, if we become
vegetarians for moral reasons, I
think we should also not wear
fur or leather.
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